Ainu Morpheme Explorer

Browse the Ainu morpheme database — composition, valency, and how each morpheme combines.

Morphemes: 3,076
Lexemes: 19,968
Curated: 342
Families: 63

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Browse the Ainu morpheme database — composition, valency, and how each morpheme combines.

Morphemes: 3,076
Lexemes: 19,968
Curated: 342
Families: 63

Composition

lemma

input: u- tokens: u-

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Composition · tokens

input: u-

tokens: u-

computation warnings

u-: internalize missed target (role=patient)

u-

prefix · prefix morpheme curated bound Corpus ↗ review slot II

REC, RECP.POSS, each other

互いに、相互所有

Valency -1

local rules

internalize → patient · reflexive (internal)
Reciprocal prefix u-: the patient is identified with the (plural) agent — 'each other'.

Combinatorics

Attaches to: transitive verb

Notes

On a verb, identifies the patient with a plural or collective subject. Inside an incorporated noun, supplies a reciprocal possessor: 'hear one another's stories', 'seize one another's hands', 'test one another's strength', and 'hear one another's words'.

Sources

田村1996アイヌ語沙流方言辞典
佐藤2008アイヌ文法の基礎
Alpatov・Bugaeva・Nedjalkov2007 Reciprocals and Sociatives in Ainu p.1773
Bugaeva・Kobayashi2022 Verbal valency §4.2.1
NINJAL Corpus
Wiktionary JA
Ainu Corpora

Lexemes using this morpheme →